Traditional stories · 土家族传统故事

The Stories of Hero Tian and Duke Peng田好汉与彭公爵主的故事

Draft spelling, original archive transcription, English and Chinese translations, and line-by-line audio.

Full recording · 整段录音

Tian Jinggui, Dianfang Township, Longshan County · recorded on 19 June 2002龙山县靛房镇田荆贵先生 · 记录日期 19 六月 2002

1.3.1: The Story of Hero Tian1.3.1: 田好汉的故事

This text tells the traditional story of Hero Tian, one of the three great quasi-historical (c.10th century) heroes of the Tujia in Xiangxi, along with General Xiang and Duke Peng. The tale focuses on the strength and martial prowess of Hero Tian. In the past Tujia society was based on small groups of farmers who regularly trained together as skilled fighting units, and Tujia soldiers were well known throughout China for their success in battles. This is a prepared text, written down using Chinese characters as phonetic aide-memoires to indicate Tujia words.

田好汉的故事是土家族的传统故事，他是湘西土家族所敬重的三位传说中的英雄之一，在第10世纪与向老官人和彭公爵主一起统治湘西，故事主要描述田好汉超常的力气与武艺。以前的土家族社会，是由经常练武的农民组成的，这些“土兵”往往在战场上得胜，在国内名声远扬。这是田先生预先准备好的文本，在手稿中他使用了汉字来代表土家语词汇的发音。

DraftTianrhaoxhangf-nier parpax.

SourceTian³hao¹hang²-nie³ pa³pa¹.

ENThe Story of Hero Tian

ZH田好汉的故事。

DraftLaiv, tianrhaoxhangf-nier parpax laov lir. tianrhaoxhangf bifzixkar-nier xiexqix civ-xirtaif-nier luov laf hur.

SourceLai⁴, tian³hao¹hang²-nie³ pa³pa¹ lao⁴ li³. tian³hao¹hang² bi²zi¹ka³-nie³ xie¹qi¹ ci⁴-xi³tai²-nie³ luo⁴ la² hu³.

ENToday I'm going to tell you the story of Hero Tian. Hero Tian was a mighty man among the Tujia.

ZH今天讲个田好汉的故事。田好汉是土家族中力大无穷的一个人。

DraftGuof liv qier jiefpox-zuf, wuf hhif-xif diex, guof guof wuf peftixkex gar pox-bor cux songxkuox.

SourceGuo² li⁴ qie³ jie²po¹-zu², wu² hhi²-xi² die¹, guo² guo² wu² pe²ti¹ke¹ ga³ po¹-bo³ cu¹ song¹kuo¹.

ENWhenever he finished ploughing, his cow walked home too slowly, so he would put it on his shoulders and carry it back home.

ZH他犁地放工时，牛走得慢，他就把牛扛在肩上回家。

DraftEix laf qief, guof qifbuxlix buv laf cax cuv-lier cangrdier-bor lur-lur, bengvsir xief-nier luov laov yir,

SourceEi¹ la² qie², guo² qi²bu¹li¹ bu⁴ la² ca¹ cu⁴-lie³ cang³die³-bo³ lu³-lu³, beng⁴si³ xie²-nie³ luo⁴ lao⁴ yi³,

ENOne day, he had loaded a boat with soybeans and was on his way to Changde to sell them, when he came across a capable man.

ZH有一次，他装了一船黄豆到常德去卖时，碰到一个有本事的人。

DraftEix luov laov buv gur-lier, jir huorlier muvnier jiafzux zaf mor kuor-liaor, guof lir: "ngaf xiflangx."

SourceEi¹ luo⁴ lao⁴ bu⁴ gu³-lie³, ji³ huo³lie³ mu⁴nie³ jia²zu¹ za² mo³ kuo³-liao³, guo² li³: "nga² xi²lang¹."

ENAs the man boarded the boat, he stepped on the boat's bamboo steering pole and broke it. "Sorry!" he said.

ZH那人一上船，用脚把船竹篙踩断了，并说：“对不起。”

DraftTianrhaoxhangf lir: "qiev sar taif ou!" jief huorlier muvnier kuoftix zav mor pifpix zif-liaor, hurpar-bor laf-lur.

SourceTian³hao¹hang² li³: "qie⁴ sa³ tai² ou!" jie² huo³lie³ mu⁴nie³ kuo²ti¹ za⁴ mo³ pi²pi¹ zi²-liao³, hu³pa³-bo³ la²-lu³.

ENHero Tian replied, "That's OK", and, taking the pole in his hand as though it were a bean, crushed it into powder, which he threw into the river.

ZH田好汉说：“没有什么事啊！”，就用手把踩断的竹篙捏成粉丢到河里。

DraftEix luov laov, guof qifbuxlix laf pax huor-lier lir: "engx qifbuxlix gar-bor-lax taif ya?" qifbuxlix zav mor pifpix zif-liaor.

SourceEi¹ luo⁴ lao⁴, guo² qi²bu¹li¹ la² pa¹ huo³-lie³ li³: "eng¹ qi²bu¹li¹ ga³-bo³-la¹ tai² ya?" qi²bu¹li¹ za⁴ mo³ pi²pi¹ zi²-liao³.

ENThe man grabbed a handful of soybeans and said: "Are these soybeans dry yet?" as he crushed them into powder.

ZH那一个人，他又抓了一把黄豆说：“这黄豆干了没有啊？”就拿着黄豆捏成了粉。

DraftTianrhaoxhangf, guof qifbuxlix laf pax ar, jief woftux zav mor sersif zuf-diuf, guof lir: "qifbuxlix gar-bor-daf qingrmox sersif zuf ya?"

SourceTian³hao¹hang², guo² qi²bu¹li¹ la² pa¹ a³, jie² wo²tu¹ za⁴ mo³ se³si² zu²-diu², guo² li³: "qi²bu¹li¹ ga³-bo³-da² qing³mo¹ se³si² zu² ya?"

ENHero Tian also grabbed a handful of soybeans and squeezed oil out from them, saying, "If the soybeans weren't dry how would I be able to squeeze oil from them?"

ZH田好汉也抓了一把黄豆捏在手中出了油，他说：“黄豆没干，怎么会出油呀？”

DraftEix luov gev-lier karkeixlarleix mor xivcar-lur.

SourceEi¹ luo⁴ ge⁴-lie³ ka³kei¹la³lei¹ mo³ xi⁴ca³-lu³.

ENThis scared the man, who quietly slipped away.

ZH那人害怕了，悄悄地溜走了。

DraftTaxniex, tianrhaoxhangf wuxhangf-bor kartongr lur-zuf, kar pux-nier laoxbangx har-xif lir, tongrqianr lief-tax-zuf, guof guof har mor sef-tax caf-tax-liaor.

SourceTa¹nie¹, tian³hao¹hang² wu¹hang²-bo³ ka³tong³ lu³-zu², ka³ pu¹-nie³ lao¹bang¹ ha³-xi² li³, tong³qian³ lie²-ta¹-zu², guo² guo² ha³ mo³ se²-ta¹ ca²-ta¹-liao³.

ENLater, Hero Tian went to Wuhan to sell timber, but the timber merchant threatened him and wouldn't pay up, so he gave the man a sound beating.

ZH后来，田好汉到武汉卖木材时，买木的老板讲打不肯给钱时，他把老板打得要死不活。

DraftTuxwanr laoxsixcengr suf-zuf, guof guof hif hif-nier luov jiefrixmax davxiv, laf six tafcix wov-nier arbar, guof guof laf niex-lier wov-jif-liaor.

SourceTu¹wan³ lao¹si¹ceng³ su²-zu², guo² guo² hi² hi²-nie³ luo⁴ jie²ri¹ma¹ da⁴xi⁴, la² si¹ ta²ci¹ wo⁴-nie³ a³ba³, guo² guo² la² nie¹-lie³ wo⁴-ji²-liao³.

ENWhen the Tujia chieftain was building his citadel, Hero Tian helped hundreds of labourers. In a single day, he shifted stones which would have taken them more than a month to move.

ZH土王修老司城时，他帮助几百名工人。要背一个多月的石头，他一天就背完了。

DraftTianrhaoxhangf hengv-xif zuf-lier, tuxwanr pengrgongx guof afcix-liaor. taxniex, [tuxsixcengr] woftux pengrgongx le, jiaofzux rix; xianflaoxguanxrengr le, jingxsix rix; tianrhaoxhangf le, jianxjingx rix; davhar xianxxix bifzixkar-nier sar tiefbax zav.

SourceTian³hao¹hang² heng⁴-xi² zu²-lie³, tu¹wan³ peng³gong¹ guo² a²ci¹-liao³. ta¹nie¹, [tu¹si¹ceng³] wo²tu¹ peng³gong¹ le, jiao²zu¹ ri¹; xian²lao¹guan¹reng³ le, jing¹si¹ ri¹; tian³hao¹hang² le, jian¹jing¹ ri¹; da⁴ha³ xian¹xi¹ bi²zi¹ka³-nie³ sa³ tie²ba¹ za⁴.

ENAfter Hero Tian's fame spread, he became a favourite of Duke Peng. Later, he lived in the citadel: Duke Peng ruled, General Xiang served as military adviser, and Hero Tian as general. Together, they led the Tujia people of Xiangxi through the great events of the time.

ZH田好汉出了名以后，得到土王彭公的爱慕，后来，在土司城里面彭公呢，做爵主，向老官人呢，当军师，田好汉呢，当将军，一起掌管湘西土家族的大事。

DraftTianrhaoxhangf-nier parpax rir-xirtaif, laiv jiux aix heflangr lir.

SourceTian³hao¹hang²-nie³ pa³pa¹ ri³-xi³tai², lai⁴ jiu¹ ai¹ he²lang³ li³.

ENThere are many more stories about Hero Tian, but that's enough for today.

ZH田好汉的故事多得很，今天就说这些。

Tian Jinggui, Dianfang Township, Longshan County · recorded on 04 July 2002龙山县靛房镇田荆贵先生 · 记录日期 04 七月 2002

1.3.2: The Story of Duke Peng1.3.2: 彭公爵主的故事

This text tells the traditional story of Duke Peng, one of the three great quasi-historical heroes of the Tujia in Xiangxi, along with General Xiang and Hero Tian. The tale tells how Duke Peng ousted Wuzuocong, freeing the Tujia people in the area from oppression and becoming their leader. In real life, Peng Jian, who defeated the existing ruler of the northern Xiangxi area in 910, primarily differed from his predecessor in initiating a dynasty that would rule the area continuously for a staggering 818 years. The dynasty only came to an end when the Qing court replaced such feudal rulers with directly appointed officials in the gaituguiliu reforms of the early 18th century (see Introduction). This is a prepared text, written down using Chinese characters as phonetic aide-memoires to indicate Tujia words.

彭公爵主的故事是土家族传统故事，他是湘西土家族所敬重的三位传说中的英雄之一，在第10世纪与向老官人和田好汉一起统治湘西。故事描述彭公爵主把压迫土家族人的吴著冲驱逐出境的经过，从此，彭公就当了土家人的领导。据历史记载，彭氏于公元910年打败了湘西北部的头人，然后与他的后人统治了这个地区一共818年之多。彭氏家族的统治，这是田先生预先准备好的文本，在手稿中他使用了汉字来代表土家语词汇的发音。

DraftPengrgongx jiaofzux-nier parpax.

SourcePeng³gong¹ jiao²zu¹-nie³ pa³pa¹.

ENThe Story of Duke Peng

ZH彭公爵主的故事。

DraftLaiv, pengrgongx jiaofzux-nier parpax laov lir.

SourceLai⁴, peng³gong¹ jiao²zu¹-nie³ pa³pa¹ lao⁴ li³.

ENToday I am going to tell you the story of Duke Peng.

ZH今天，讲个彭公爵主的故事。

DraftEix zixgix-zuf, angf bifzixkar ongr-bor-nier langrcangr-nier luovcixbax wurzuorcongx jier-lax, guof cixcix haxtaif, qiev duor haxtaif, luov qiax-nier-xif haovrir.

SourceEi¹ zi¹gi¹-zu², ang² bi²zi¹ka³ ong³-bo³-nie³ lang³cang³-nie³ luo⁴ci¹ba¹ wu³zuo³cong¹ jie³-la¹, guo² ci¹ci¹ ha¹tai², qie⁴ duo³ ha¹tai², luo⁴ qia¹-nie³-xi² hao⁴ri³.

ENA long time ago, in our Tujia areas, there lived a powerful man named Wuzuocong. He was illiterate and unskilled, and only knew how to oppress people.

ZH很早以前，我们土家族住的地方的头人叫吴著冲。他不识字，什么都不懂，只晓得压迫人。

DraftLuov guof (null)-tax-cex-nier sar rir-xirtaif, zixgex laf pex nief-nier-xif, luov guof sir gaf-dexxir, luovdiex zuov ar-zuf, guof zixgex suox pex nief-pier-duor.

SourceLuo⁴ guo² (null)-ta¹-ce¹-nie³ sa³ ri³-xi³tai², zi¹ge¹ la² pe¹ nie²-nie³-xi², luo⁴ guo² si³ ga²-de¹xi³, luo⁴die¹ zuo⁴ a³-zu², guo² zi¹ge¹ suo¹ pe¹ nie²-pie³-duo³.

ENPeople had all manner of things against him, and hated him so much they could eat his flesh for exercising bride-chamber rights. When people got married, he insisted on first having three nights with the bride.

ZH人们恨他的事多得很。实行初夜权，人们吃得他的肉，人们接婚时，他要先睡三夜。

DraftAix laf longx, bifzixkar wovtar cixtux-nier luov cixcix havrir-nier luov laov wovtar songxkuox-diuf, pengrgongx jier-lax,

SourceAi¹ la² long¹, bi²zi¹ka³ wo⁴ta³ ci¹tu¹-nie³ luo⁴ ci¹ci¹ ha⁴ri³-nie³ luo⁴ lao⁴ wo⁴ta³ song¹kuo¹-diu², peng³gong¹ jie³-la¹,

ENOne year, an educated Tujia man, named Peng, who had been away to study, returned home.

ZH有一年，土家族中从外面读书回来了一个有文化的人，名叫彭公。

DraftGuof luov qianflafbux jier-lier wurzuorcongx har-xief, guof guof mengvdongfpingr-liex wurzuorcongx ongr-bor-nier tongv woftux-liex jiev mor laf-lur.

SourceGuo² luo⁴ qian²la²bu¹ jie³-lie³ wu³zuo³cong¹ ha³-xie², guo² guo² meng⁴dong²ping³-lie¹ wu³zuo³cong¹ ong³-bo³-nie³ tong⁴ wo²tu¹-lie¹ jie⁴ mo³ la²-lu³.

ENHe called together a few men and went off to fight Wuzuocong, driving him out of his lair in Mengdongping.

ZH他喊了很多人，去打吴著冲，他把吴著冲从他的老窠猛洞坪[今永顺县城地]赶出去了。

DraftWurzuorcongx luortargaif-bor yev-lur, kuxzav gar-liex kav-bor pengrgongx dav laf longx tafcix har.

SourceWu³zuo³cong¹ luo³ta³gai²-bo³ ye⁴-lu³, ku¹za⁴ ga³-lie¹ ka⁴-bo³ peng³gong¹ da⁴ la² long¹ ta²ci¹ ha³.

ENWuzuocong fled to Luota [in Longshan], to the safety of the mountains, where Peng fought with him for over a year.

ZH吴著冲躲到洛塔界[龙山地]去了，在山上守着，与彭公打了一年多。

DraftTaxniex, pengrgongx guof mixrax huorlier wurzuortingx wuf-liaor, wurzuorcongx kuxzav gar-liex raf mor xivcar-lur.

SourceTa¹nie¹, peng³gong¹ guo² mi¹ra¹ huo³lie³ wu³zuo³ting¹ wu²-liao³, wu³zuo³cong¹ ku¹za⁴ ga³-lie¹ ra² mo³ xi⁴ca³-lu³.

ENLater, Peng burnt down Wu's base there. Wuzuocong fled from the mountains,

ZH后来，彭公烧了吴著厅，吴著冲从山上飞着逃跑，

DraftPengrgongx rav huorlier wurzuorcongx-nier sir jieftangxkex rav mor dongr-liaor, raf-taxtiux. wurzuorcongx raf-lier sevwurpingr [yev], miev zuf-xif pox-tax, aox sef-liaor.

SourcePeng³gong¹ ra⁴ huo³lie³ wu³zuo³cong¹-nie³ si³ jie²tang¹ke¹ ra⁴ mo³ dong³-liao³, ra²-ta¹tiu¹. wu³zuo³cong¹ ra²-lie³ se⁴wu³ping³ [ye⁴], mie⁴ zu²-xi² po¹-ta¹, ao¹ se²-liao³.

ENbut Peng shot him through with arrows, injuring his arm and preventing his escape. Wuzuocong fled to Sewuping, but he could not staunch the bleeding, and died there.

ZH彭公用箭把吴著冲的手臂射穿，跑得不快了。吴著冲飞到死吴坪，流血不止，在那里死了。

DraftWurzuorcongx sef-lier, pengrgongx guof wurzuorcongx-nier angxngaiv har-bor-xif, rexbaxcongx, cunxbaxcongx-nier langrcangr tir-liaor.

SourceWu³zuo³cong¹ se²-lie³, peng³gong¹ guo² wu³zuo³cong¹-nie³ ang¹ngai⁴ ha³-bo³-xi², re¹ba¹cong¹, cun¹ba¹cong¹-nie³ lang³cang³ ti³-liao³.

ENAfter Wuzuocong's death, Peng won back the land controlled by Wu's pact brothers, Sebacong and Cunbacong.

ZH吴著冲死后，彭公把吴著冲的结拜兄弟惹巴冲、春巴冲驻守地收复了。

DraftWurzuorcongx taof a-liex, bifzixkar-nier luovdiex pengrgongx afhux mor jiaofzux rix-liaor. pengrgongx, guof xianflaoxguanxrengr duor jingxsix rix, tianrhaoxhangf duor jianxjingx rix, davhar xianxxix bifzixkar-nier langrcangr sar tiefbax zav.

SourceWu³zuo³cong¹ tao² a-lie¹, bi²zi¹ka³-nie³ luo⁴die¹ peng³gong¹ a²hu¹ mo³ jiao²zu¹ ri¹-liao³. peng³gong¹, guo² xian²lao¹guan¹reng³ duo³ jing¹si¹ ri¹, tian³hao¹hang² duo³ jian¹jing¹ ri¹, da⁴ha³ xian¹xi¹ bi²zi¹ka³-nie³ lang³cang³ sa³ tie²ba¹ za⁴.

ENNow that Wuzuocong was gone, the Tujia people chose Peng as their leader. Peng asked General Xiang to serve as military adviser and Hero Tian as general, and together they managed the important affairs of the Tujia people in Xiangxi.

ZH没有了吴著冲，土家族人民就拥护彭公当了爵主。彭公叫向老官人当军师，田好汉当将军，一起管理湘西土家族地区的大事。

DraftPengrgongx jiaofzux sar rix-xif caf, luov xief-xif guof afhux, yer hif hif niex longx ongr-lier.

SourcePeng³gong¹ jiao²zu¹ sa³ ri¹-xi² ca², luo⁴ xie²-xi² guo² a²hu¹, ye³ hi² hi² nie¹ long¹ ong³-lie³.

ENDuke Peng ruled well and was popular with everyone, [his lineage] holding power for 802 years.

ZH彭公爵主做事做得好，人民群众拥护，坐了八百零二年天下。

DraftMuflax, bifzixkar sexbax rix-zuf pengrgongx jiaofzux, xianflaoxguanxrengr, tianrhaoxhangf suox laxhur niertirgextix rix mor jingf-lax.

SourceMu²la¹, bi²zi¹ka³ se¹ba¹ ri¹-zu² peng³gong¹ jiao²zu¹, xian²lao¹guan¹reng³, tian³hao¹hang² suo¹ la¹hu³ nie³ti³ge¹ti¹ ri¹ mo³ jing²-la¹.

ENNow, when the Tujia hold the 'baishouwu' dance, they sacrifice to their ancestors, Duke Peng, General Xiang, and Hero Tian.

ZH现在，土家族过舍巴节的时候，把彭公爵主、向老官人、田好汉三个人，当作祖先来祭祀。