Tujia New Year Customs土家族过年的传统风俗

DraftLafyex niex hif suox niex cix bif kax-hur, cux mianrhuar zaf-taxtiux, laftux ziv bor lief-jif-lier-duor.

SourceLa²ye¹ nie¹ hi² suo¹ nie¹ ci¹ bi² ka¹-hu³, cu¹ mian³hua³ za²-ta¹tiu¹, la²tu¹ zi⁴ bo³ lie²-ji²-lie³-duo³.

EN'Little New Year' starts on the twenty-third of the last [lunar] month; we can't spin any more cotton at home, and all the gourds must be fed to the pigs.

ZH腊月二十三日快要过小年了，家里不能纺棉花了，南瓜都要给猪。

DraftCix bif kax niev, cix bif kax-liaor, kax niev mefsur-liex, langrqix-cair xianx wuf-duor, xianx wuf-daf-nief zixgex le qingf har-duor tangr tangr tangr tangr.

SourceCi¹ bi² ka¹ nie⁴, ci¹ bi² ka¹-liao³, ka¹ nie⁴ me²su³-lie¹, lang³qi¹-cai³ xian¹ wu²-duo³, xian¹ wu²-da²-nie² zi¹ge¹ le qing² ha³-duo³ tang³ tang³ tang³ tang³.

ENOn the day of the 'Little New Year', on that day, from daybreak on that day, every evening incense must be burnt. Before burning incense, we have to strike the gongs. (sound of gong being struck)

ZH过小年的日子，过了小年，（也就是指）从小年那天天亮开始，晚上要烧香。还没烧香之前呢，要打锣，（锣声）。

DraftAixliex jiux xianx wuf-duor, wuf mor keir yev-duor le? kaixnianr-liex zengxyex laf hif ongx niex, laf hif ongx buf aox yev-duor.

SourceAi¹lie¹ jiu¹ xian¹ wu²-duo³, wu² mo³ kei³ ye⁴-duo³ le? kai¹nian³-lie¹ zeng¹ye¹ la² hi² ong¹ nie¹, la² hi² ong¹ bu² ao¹ ye⁴-duo³.

ENThen we have to burn incense; how long do we need to burn it for? Until the fifteenth, the fifteenth of the first [lunar] month.

ZH然后就要烧香，烧香要烧到哪个时候呢？要到开年正月十五日那天。

DraftCix bif kax-liaor le, luovcixbax, luovbir-diex, guoxguox-max, afdax-max, yifsix sar caif lir-duor, diefkaxlax lir-taxtix.

SourceCi¹ bi² ka¹-liao³ le, luo⁴ci¹ba¹, luo⁴bi³-die¹, guo¹guo¹-ma¹, a²da¹-ma¹, yi²si¹ sa³ cai² li³-duo³, die²ka¹la¹ li³-ta¹ti¹.

ENAfter celebrating 'Little New Year', grown-ups, children, young men, young women, everyone must speak wholesome words, they mustn't say anything bad.

ZH过了小年呢，大人、男孩们、男人们、妇女们，全部要说好话，不能说不吉利的话。

DraftLafyex, lafyex, niex buf lafyex, niex buf gex buf sirjier, cix tiefbax kax-hur, cix tiefbax kax-nier sirjier, cix tiefbax kax-nier aix sir, cix tiefbax kax-hur, dengxlongr guaf-jif-duor,

SourceLa²ye¹, la²ye¹, nie¹ bu² la²ye¹, nie¹ bu² ge¹ bu² si³jie³, ci¹ tie²ba¹ ka¹-hu³, ci¹ tie²ba¹ ka¹-nie³ si³jie³, ci¹ tie²ba¹ ka¹-nie³ ai¹ si³, ci¹ tie²ba¹ ka¹-hu³, deng¹long³ gua²-ji²-duo³,

ENThe last month, the last month, on the twenty-ninth of the last month, New Year is celebrated, when New Year is celebrated, when New Year is celebrated, when New Year is about to be celebrated, we must finish hanging up lanterns,

ZH腊月，腊月，腊月二十九日的时候，快过大年，过大年的时候，过大年的那时，快过大年了，灯笼要挂完，

DraftYanrdengr, pafqiex-tar bef dengxlongr guaf-duor, kaxtaox sirtief zixgex, sirtief kaxtaox zivjirpar baiv-bor-duor, baxbax-nirgar baiv-bor-duor, cangrxianr tiefbax jiefmixtir hefbar xief wuf-duor,

SourceYan³deng³, pa²qie¹-ta³ be² deng¹long³ gua²-duo³, ka¹tao¹ si³tie² zi¹ge¹, si³tie² ka¹tao¹ zi⁴ji³pa³ bai⁴-bo³-duo³, ba¹ba¹-ni³ga³ bai⁴-bo³-duo³, cang³xian³ tie²ba¹ jie²mi¹ti³ he²ba³ xie² wu²-duo³,

ENround lanterns, we must hang lanterns by the walkways, and in front of the table. We must put pig's trotters on the table, and a large 'baba' glutinous rice cake, as well as burning a large incense stick as thick as a finger.

ZH圆灯走廊那里也要挂，桌子前上方；猪脚要摆在桌子上面。要摆着一个大糍粑，要烧像手指那么大的长香。

DraftSaxmix niex cir sengrkangr gar gongf-bor-duor, hongf-bor-duor, lafzux niex zif tif-bor-duor, lafzux niex zongxgangx zixgex-cair, sengrdengr tif-bor-duor.

SourceSa¹mi¹ nie¹ ci³ seng³kang³ ga³ gong²-bo³-duo³, hong²-bo³-duo³, la²zu¹ nie¹ zi² ti²-bo³-duo³, la²zu¹ nie¹ zong¹gang¹ zi¹ge¹-cai³, seng³deng³ ti²-bo³-duo³.

ENWe must put two 'tangsa' crisped rice cakes on the shrine, lean them against the shrine, and light two candles, and a lamp at the front between the two candles.

ZH神龛上面要供两块糖馓，要靠着神龛。要点两根蜡烛，两根蜡烛中间前面一点要点着神灯。

DraftAix laf pex le, cux jiux civ luof tuov-duor, luof laf daf, her laf buf, laovrengrgar-diex sar haovrir-max jiux dongx dangr dangr dongx,

SourceAi¹ la² pe¹ le, cu¹ jiu¹ ci⁴ luo² tuo⁴-duo³, luo² la² da², he³ la² bu², lao⁴reng³ga³-die¹ sa³ hao⁴ri³-ma¹ jiu¹ dong¹ dang³ dang³ dong¹,

ENThat night, we must strike a large gong in the house, a gong and a drum. Old folk who know how to must strike them, (sound of drums)

ZH那一夜呢，家里就要敲大锣，一个锣，一个鼓。老人家们懂事的就会这样敲，（鼓声），

DraftHuof har-duor. tievtier tif-lier le, tievtier nif guof jiux mief, nif guof jiux mief-taxtix, guofduor mor xif-duor. boxlir-diex le, luovcixbax-diex le, yifsix cux ongr, cix kav-bor-duor.

SourceHuo² ha³-duo³. tie⁴tie³ ti²-lie³ le, tie⁴tie³ ni² guo² jiu¹ mie², ni² guo² jiu¹ mie²-ta¹ti¹, guo²duo³ mo³ xi²-duo³. bo¹li³-die¹ le, luo⁴ci¹ba¹-die¹ le, yi²si¹ cu¹ ong³, ci¹ ka⁴-bo³-duo³.

ENjust like that. Once the lamps are lit, you blow them, you musn't blow them out, but must let them burn themselves out. Children and adults must all sit together at home to see the New Year in.

ZH要这样打。点了灯呢，灯你就吹，你就不能吹，它自己要熄。儿童们呢，大人们呢，全部要坐在家里守着年。

DraftBoxlir-diex nief-hur le, ngov-tixkex dir-i-duor, gaox mor, bangfyex yev-liaor le, luovcixbax-diex yifsix dav ngov-tixkex dir-i-hur.

SourceBo¹li³-die¹ nie²-hu³ le, ngo⁴-ti¹ke¹ di³-i-duo³, gao¹ mo³, bang²ye¹ ye⁴-liao³ le, luo⁴ci¹ba¹-die¹ yi²si¹ da⁴ ngo⁴-ti¹ke¹ di³-i-hu³.

ENWhen the children have gone to bed, we must go and dig for silver, far into the night, all the adults start digging for silver together.

ZH孩子们快睡了呢，要去挖银子。搞到半夜了呢，大人们全部一起开始挖银子。

DraftSuox buf laf hif aixmex yefgengx sengfzongf-niex, aixliex tievtier le, sangf bangfyex le, jiux sengrkangr duif-bor, xiaf bangfyex le, jiux wovtar-bor duif-bor-duor.

SourceSuo¹ bu² la² hi² ai¹me¹ ye²geng¹ seng²zong²-nie¹, ai¹lie¹ tie⁴tie³ le, sang² bang²ye¹ le, jiu¹ seng³kang³ dui²-bo³, xia² bang²ye¹ le, jiu¹ wo⁴ta³-bo³ dui²-bo³-duo³.

ENOn the thirtieth, things are even more splendid. The lamps, for the first half of the night they are set facing the ancestral shrine; for the latter half they must face outwards.

ZH大年三十日，那么更加隆重一些。然后灯呢，上半夜呢，就对着神龛，下半夜呢，就对着外面。

DraftAix laf pex le jiux, laxcuoxlaxlaix, laovrengrgar-diex yex haov, boxlir-diex yex haov, biuf afdax-max-diex yex haov, guoxguox-max-diex yex caf,

SourceAi¹ la² pe¹ le jiu¹, la¹cuo¹la¹lai¹, lao⁴reng³ga³-die¹ ye¹ hao⁴, bo¹li³-die¹ ye¹ hao⁴, biu² a²da¹-ma¹-die¹ ye¹ hao⁴, guo¹guo¹-ma¹-die¹ ye¹ ca²,

ENThat night, the whole household, whether they are old people, children, young girls, young women, or young men,

ZH那一夜呢，就全家，老人家也好，小孩们也好，女儿、妇女们也好，男人们也好，

DraftYifsix dav rar rongf-xif rur-bor-duor, rar gargix dier, bongflongx-taxtix-nier laovrengrgar-diex jiux...

SourceYi²si¹ da⁴ ra³ rong²-xi² ru³-bo³-duo³, ra³ ga³gi¹ die³, bong²long¹-ta¹ti¹-nie³ lao⁴reng³ga³-die¹ jiu¹...

ENthey must all wait together to hear the cock crow, to hear the cock crow, old people who can no longer move will also sit there ...

ZH全部一起听着鸡啼，（公鸡啼声），不能动的老人家就（坐在那里）。

DraftAix tangrlongr le jiux paofzux rarrar... pox-liaor, sengrdengr le, aixliex jiux wovtar-bor bav-liaor, aixliex jiux songfgax buf-i-duor kuanrtangr...

SourceAi¹ tang³long³ le jiu¹ pao²zu¹ ra³ra³... po¹-liao³, seng³deng³ le, ai¹lie¹ jiu¹ wo⁴ta³-bo³ ba⁴-liao³, ai¹lie¹ jiu¹ song²ga¹ bu²-i-duo³ kuan³tang³...

ENIn the main hall, firecrackers are let off, (sound of firecrackers) and the shrine lamp is turned to face outwards. Then the pounder is put to work. (sound of pounding)

ZH那堂屋呢，就放鞭炮了（鞭炮声）。神灯呢，然后就往外面看了。然后就要舂碓，（舂碓声）。

DraftHaov! songfgax buf-jif-liaor le jiux boxzuox bov-duor, gangrlangrlangr... gaox-jif-liaor, aixdix yifsix davhar jiux saxmix zax-bor gaf, saxmix zax-bor gaf.

SourceHao⁴! song²ga¹ bu²-ji²-liao³ le jiu¹ bo¹zuo¹ bo⁴-duo³, gang³lang³lang³... gao¹-ji²-liao³, ai¹di¹ yi²si¹ da⁴ha³ jiu¹ sa¹mi¹ za¹-bo³ ga², sa¹mi¹ za¹-bo³ ga².

ENOK! When the pounding is done, we have to turn the grindstone. (sound of grinding) When that's done, everyone soaks 'tangsa' crisped rice cakes in hot water, soaks 'tangsa' and eats them.

ZH好！碓舂完了，就要推磨，（推磨声）。搞完了，那全部一起就泡糖馓吃，泡着糖馓吃。

DraftMefsur-liex le, aixliex youf pursar jingf-duor, pursar jingf-lier le, aixliex youf dav cixkixtax bax-duor,

SourceMe²su³-lie¹ le, ai¹lie¹ you² pu³sa³ jing²-duo³, pu³sa³ jing²-lie³ le, ai¹lie¹ you² da⁴ ci¹ki¹ta¹ ba¹-duo³,

ENAt daybreak, we must worship the gods. After worshipping the gods, we paste pieces of paper together

ZH天亮了呢，就要敬菩萨。敬了菩萨呢，然后又一起贴纸。

DraftDafmengx garhaf aofmianx ongx hhix, sif laxmengr jier-xif bax-jif-duor, lifkuoxtongx, paf, daxdongx, yifsix bax mor, bax-jif-liaor zixhouf jiux suanfliaox.

SourceDa²meng¹ ga³ha² ao²mian¹ ong¹ hhi¹, si² la¹meng³ jie³-xi² ba¹-ji²-duo³, li²kuo¹tong¹, pa², da¹dong¹, yi²si¹ ba¹ mo³, ba¹-ji²-liao³ zi¹hou² jiu¹ suan²liao¹.

ENabove the main door, five pieces on each side; paper must be pasted on all four doors. Also on the ploughshare, harrow, threshing trough, paper must be pasted on all of them. When that's done, it's finished.

ZH大门上面一边五张，四个门都要贴完。犁头、耙、打谷盒全部贴完了之后就算了。

DraftAixliex niex bav-bor wuf kar zuox-duor, yifzix gaox mor sir wux yev-duor, eng, gaox mor sir wux yev-liaor le jiux aix qianrzir cixcav-jif-liaor, guofduor guofduor le lav nix-duor.

SourceAi¹lie¹ nie¹ ba⁴-bo³ wu² ka³ zuo¹-duo³, yi²zi¹ gao¹ mo³ si³ wu¹ ye⁴-duo³, eng, gao¹ mo³ si³ wu¹ ye⁴-liao³ le jiu¹ ai¹ qian³zi³ ci¹ca⁴-ji²-liao³, guo²duo³ guo²duo³ le la⁴ ni¹-duo³.

ENOn an auspicious day, we have to put the yoke on the ox, and these activities continue until the fifteenth. And when the fifteenth comes, then we tear down all the paper on the walls, and everyone gets on with his normal work.

ZH然后就看日子，要把轭挂在牛上，一直要搞到十五。搞到十五了呢，就把那个墙纸撕掉，自己要找自己的路。